Bangladesh’s wetlands and coastal regions transform into vibrant sanctuaries for migratory birds every winter, attracting thousands of species from Mongolia, China, Russia, and Siberia. However, researchers have observed a steady decline in bird populations due to habitat destruction, grazing, and conservation mismanagement.

Alarming Decline in Bird Populations

A study of Tanguar Haor found that 41 out of 69 bird species were migratory, but nearly 59% of them showed a decline between 2008 and 2021. Critically endangered species like Baer’s pochard and the vulnerable common pochard are particularly at risk. Similarly, surveys at Nijhum Dwip recorded 13 threatened or near-threatened waterfowl species, highlighting the growing crisis.

Threats to Migratory Birds

Experts point to several key threats:

Wetland Degradation – Cattle grazing and domestic duck farming have damaged food sources and nesting areas.
Coastal Afforestation – Government-led mangrove plantations, while beneficial for coastal protection, are altering mudflats crucial for migratory birds.

Policy Gaps – Poor coordination between the environment, livestock, and agriculture ministries has led to conflicting land-use policies.

Call for Policy Reforms

Conservationists stress the need for integrated policies to balance agricultural expansion with habitat protection. Without immediate intervention, Bangladesh’s reputation as a winter sanctuary for migratory birds could be at risk.