Two decades ago, sub-Saharan Africa saw a digital transformation as mobile phones revolutionized lives, bypassing outdated landline systems. Farmers gained access to essential advice, and mobile money connected the unbanked. Now, artificial intelligence (AI) holds even greater potential for boosting productivity and addressing shortages in skilled workers. However, Africa is at risk of being left behind in this AI revolution.

AI’s Global Impact vs. Africa’s Limited Gains

According to PWC, AI could add nearly $16 trillion to the global economy by 2030. Yet, Africa, with 17% of the world’s population, is projected to gain just $400 million annually from AI, due to a lack of digital infrastructure. This disparity threatens to widen the gap between Africa and wealthier regions.

Nigeria’s Connectivity Struggles

Nigeria, a tech hub in the region, faces significant internet connectivity issues. Its average wired internet download speed is a tenth of Denmark’s, with most users relying on slower mobile internet. While underwater cables like Meta’s 2Africa connect the continent globally, inadequate onshore data lines prevent optimal data flow.

Infrastructure and Data Centers

Africa’s limited digital infrastructure results from its mobile revolution, which disrupted traditional telecom operators. Unlike the repurposed landline networks in wealthier countries, Africa often starts from scratch. Additionally, the continent lacks the data centers needed to process large amounts of data for AI applications. Existing data centers face challenges due to high electricity demand, frequent blackouts, and insufficient renewable energy sources.

Expanding Connectivity and Overcoming Hurdles

Efforts are underway to improve connectivity. Mobile operators and development institutions are partnering to address these issues. Companies like Huawei are building networks, and startups are exploring cost-effective solutions for remote areas. Investments in data centers and renewable energy, like Kenya’s geothermal-powered Ecocloud Data Centre, show promise.

Future Prospects and Persistent Challenges

Despite these efforts, much remains to be done to enhance Africa’s infrastructure. Improved digital access is crucial for sectors like small-scale farming, which supports over half the continent’s population. Without significant investment soon, Africa risks lagging further behind in the digital age.